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140 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 140
Transcription Factors in Schizophrenia: A Current View of Genetic Aspects

Abstract (Expand)

Background: Schizophrenia is a polygenic mental disorder with about 80% heritability. Growing evidence indicated that synaptic dysfunctions contribute to SCZ etiopathogenesis. The context and purpose …e of the study: Transcription factors play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Whereas expression analysis of transcription factor has been performed, studies of their genetic variants are limited. The current review article summarizes data on transcription factors early growth response 3 (EGR3), c-fos transcription (FOS), immune early response 5 (IER5), c-jun (JUN), Nk2 Homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) encoding genes in schizophrenia. Results and main findings: An important role of the mentioned genes in this pathology has been identified. Conclusions: We concluded that the genetic variants of the transcription factor encodng genes might contribute to the assessment of disease susceptibility and can find potential use for the development of genetically-driven diagnostic approaches in the future.

Author: Zakharyan Roksana

Date Published: 30th Dec 2016

Publication Type: Journal

Evidence of hemolysis in pigs infected with highly virulent African swine fever virus.

Abstract

The research was conducted to understand more profoundly the pathogenetic aspects of the acute form of the African swine fever (ASF).

Authors: Zaven Karalyan, Hovakim Zakaryan, Elina Arakelova, Violeta Aivazyan, Marina Tatoyan, Armen Kotsinyan, Roza Izmailyan, Elena Karalova

Date Published: 14th Dec 2016

Publication Type: Journal

Apigenin inhibits African swine fever virus infection in vitro.

Abstract (Expand)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. Flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been … reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. Here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of ASFV in Vero cells. Our results showed a potent, dose-dependent anti-ASFV effect of apigenin in vitro. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that apigenin was highly effective at the early stages of infection. Apigenin reduced the ASFV yield by more than 99.99 % when it was added at 1 hpi. The antiviral activity of apigenin was further investigated by evaluation of ASFV protein synthesis and viral factories. This flavonoid inhibited ASFV-specific protein synthesis and viral factory formation. ASFV-infected cells continuously treated with apigenin did not display a cytopathic effect. Further studies addressing the use of apigenin in vivo are needed.

Authors: Astghik Hakobyan, Erik Arabyan, Aida Avetisyan, Liana Abroyan, Lina Hakobyan, Hovakim Zakaryan

Date Published: 15th Sep 2016

Publication Type: Journal

Systemic Concentrations of Short Chain Fatty Acids Are Elevated in Salmonellosis and Exacerbation of Familial Mediterranean Fever.

Abstract (Expand)

Gut microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in the normal human metabolism and physiology. Although the gradients of SCFAs from the large intestine, where they are … largely produced, to the peripheral blood as well as the main routes of SCFA metabolism by different organs are known well for the healthy state, there is a paucity of information regarding how these are affected in disease. In particular, how the inflammation caused by infection or autoinflammatory disease affect the concentration of SCFAs in the peripheral venous blood. In this work, we revealed that diseases caused either by infectious agents (two Salmonella enterica serovars, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium) or by the exacerbation of an autoinflammatory disease, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), both result in a significantly elevated systemic concentration of SCFAs. In the case of salmonellosis the concentration of SCFAs in peripheral blood was significantly and consistently higher, from 5- to 20-fold, compared to control. In the case of FMF, however, a significant increase of SCFAs in the peripheral venous blood was detected only in the acute phase of the disease, with a lesser impact in remission. It seems counterintuitive that the dysbiotic conditions, with a reduced number of gut microorganisms, produce such an effect. This phenomenon, however, must be appraised within the context of how the inflammatory diseases affect the normal physiology. We discuss a number of factors that may contribute to the "leak" and persistence of gut-produced SCFAs into the systemic circulation in infectious and autoinflammatory diseases.

Authors: Zhanna A Ktsoyan, Mkhitar S Mkrtchyan, Magdalina K Zakharyan, Armine A Mnatsakanyan, Karine A Arakelova, Zaruhi U Gevorgyan, Anahit M Sedrakyan, Alvard I Hovhannisyan, Arsen A Arakelyan, Rustam I Aminov

Date Published: 24th May 2016

Publication Type: Journal

African swine fever virus: current state and future perspectives in vaccine and antiviral research.

Abstract (Expand)

African swine fever (ASF) is among the most significant of swine diseases for which no effective vaccines and antivirals are available. The disease, which is endemic in Africa, was introduced to … Trans-Caucasian countries and the Russian Federation in 2007, where it remains prevalent today among domestic pigs and wild boars. Although some measures were implemented, ASF continues to pose a global risk for all countries, and thereby highlighting the importance of vaccine and antiviral research. In this review, an overview of research efforts toward the development of effective vaccines during the past decades is presented. As an alternative to vaccine development, the current state in antiviral research against ASFV is also presented. Finally, future perspectives in vaccine and antiviral research giving emphasis on some strategies that may allow researchers to develop effective countermeasures against ASF are discussed.

Authors: Hovakim Zakaryan, Yolanda Revilla

Date Published: 15th Mar 2016

Publication Type: Journal

Schizophrenia-associated Risk and Protective Variants of c-Fos Encoding Gene

Abstract (Expand)

Defects in synaptic plasticity play a key role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Pathomechanisms responsible for synaptic plasticity alterations in schizophrenia are very complicated and not well … defined. Transcription factor c-Fos plays an important role in regulation of synaptic plasticity. In the present study we evaluated the association of rs7101 and rs1063169 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of c-Fos encoding gene (FOS) with schizophrenia. A total of 604 DNA samples of schizophrenia-affected and healthy subjects of Armenian ancestry were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Also, comparative determination of the blood levels of c-Fos protein in schizophrenia patients and controls was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Potential interaction between protein level and genotypes as well as relationships between genotypes/protein level and clinical-demographic characteristics of schizophrenia patients were assessed. The results obtained demonstrated that mutant allele of FOS rs1063169 SNP is negatively associated with schizophrenia and may be nominated as a protective factor for this disorder. On the other hand, according to our results, the FOS rs7101T mutant allele is positively associated with schizophrenia and, therefore, may be considered as a risk factor for this disorder. In addition, decreased c-Fos plasma levels in schizophrenia patients compared to controls were found. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that FOS is among the candidate genes of schizophrenia and that changes in the expression of c-Fos protein may contribute to molecular pathomechanisms of schizophrenia-related alterations in synaptic plasticity.

Authors: Anna Boyajyan, Roksana Zakharyan, Sofi Atshemyan, Andranik Chavushyan, Gohar Mkrtchyan

Date Published: 26th Jan 2016

Publication Type: Journal

No Association of the Complexin-3 Gene Polymorphism with Schizophrenia

Abstract (Expand)

Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial mental disease. Whereas complex interplay of genes and environment contributes to the SCZ, the disorder has still unclear biological background. … Growing amount of evidence showed that synaptic dysfunctions are contributed to SCZ etiopathogenesis. The context and purpose of the study: Complexin-3, a presynaptic regulatory protein, represents here a special interest. This study was aimed to investigate the potential association of SCZ with rs3743487 single nucleotide polymorphism of the complexin-3 protein encoding gene (CPLX3). A total of 350 unrelated individuals of Armenian nationality (175 SCZ patients and the same number of age-, sex-matched healthy controls) were genotyped for the selected polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Results and main findings: According to the results obtained, the frequency and carriage of the CPLX3 rs3743487*T allele did not differ in SCZ patients as compared to controls. Conclusions: We concluded that the CPLX3 rs3743487*T minor allele is not associated with SCZ in Armenian population. Brief summary: This study suggested no association of the CPLX3 rs3743487 polymorphism with schizophrenia, however, to clarify the role of the CPLX3 gene in SCZ further studies with much coverage of the gene and involvement of different methods are required.

Authors: Atshemyan Sofi, Zakharyan Roksana, Arakelyan Arsen

Date Published: 30th Dec 2015

Publication Type: Journal

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