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Wild grapes of Armenia: unexplored source of genetic diversity and disease resistance.

Abstract (Expand)

The present study is the first in-depth research evaluating the genetic diversity and potential resistance of Armenian wild grapes utilizing DNA-based markers to understand the genetic signature of … this unexplored germplasm. In the proposed research, five geographical regions with known viticultural history were explored. A total of 148 unique wild genotypes were collected and included in the study with 48 wild individuals previously collected as seed. A total of 24 nSSR markers were utilized to establish a fingerprint database to infer information on the population genetic diversity and structure. Three nSSR markers linked to the Ren1 locus were analyzed to identify potential resistance against powdery mildew. According to molecular fingerprinting data, the Armenian V. sylvestris gene pool conserves a high genetic diversity, displaying 292 different alleles with 12.167 allele per loci. The clustering analyses and diversity parameters supported eight genetic groups with 5.6% admixed proportion. The study of genetic polymorphism at the Ren1 locus revealed that 28 wild genotypes carried three R-alleles and 34 wild genotypes carried two R-alleles associated with PM resistance among analyzed 107 wild individuals. This gene pool richness represents an immense reservoir of under-explored genetic diversity and breeding potential. Therefore, continued survey and research efforts are crucial for the conservation, sustainable management, and utilization of Armenian wild grape resources in the face of emerging challenges in viticulture.

Authors: K. Margaryan, R. Topfer, B. Gasparyan, A. Arakelyan, O. Trapp, F. Rockel, E. Maul

Date Published: 25th Dec 2023

Publication Type: Journal

Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution.

Abstract (Expand)

We elucidate grapevine evolution and domestication histories with 3525 cultivated and wild accessions worldwide. In the Pleistocene, harsh climate drove the separation of wild grape ecotypes caused by … continuous habitat fragmentation. Then, domestication occurred concurrently about 11,000 years ago in Western Asia and the Caucasus to yield table and wine grapevines. The Western Asia domesticates dispersed into Europe with early farmers, introgressed with ancient wild western ecotypes, and subsequently diversified along human migration trails into muscat and unique western wine grape ancestries by the late Neolithic. Analyses of domestication traits also reveal new insights into selection for berry palatability, hermaphroditism, muscat flavor, and berry skin color. These data demonstrate the role of the grapevines in the early inception of agriculture across Eurasia.

Authors: Y. Dong, S. Duan, Q. Xia, Z. Liang, X. Dong, K. Margaryan, M. Musayev, S. Goryslavets, G. Zdunic, P. F. Bert, T. Lacombe, E. Maul, P. Nick, K. Bitskinashvili, G. D. Bisztray, E. Drori, G. De Lorenzis, J. Cunha, C. F. Popescu, R. Arroyo-Garcia, C. Arnold, A. Ergul, Y. Zhu, C. Ma, S. Wang, S. Liu, L. Tang, C. Wang, D. Li, Y. Pan, J. Li, L. Yang, X. Li, G. Xiang, Z. Yang, B. Chen, Z. Dai, Y. Wang, A. Arakelyan, V. Kuliyev, G. Spotar, N. Girollet, S. Delrot, N. Ollat, P. This, C. Marchal, G. Sarah, V. Laucou, R. Bacilieri, F. Rockel, P. Guan, A. Jung, M. Riemann, L. Ujmajuridze, T. Zakalashvili, D. Maghradze, M. Hohn, G. Jahnke, E. Kiss, T. Deak, O. Rahimi, S. Hubner, F. Grassi, F. Mercati, F. Sunseri, J. Eiras-Dias, A. M. Dumitru, D. Carrasco, A. Rodriguez-Izquierdo, G. Munoz, T. Uysal, C. Ozer, K. Kazan, M. Xu, Y. Wang, S. Zhu, J. Lu, M. Zhao, L. Wang, S. Jiu, Y. Zhang, L. Sun, H. Yang, E. Weiss, S. Wang, Y. Zhu, S. Li, J. Sheng, W. Chen

Date Published: 3rd Mar 2023

Publication Type: Journal

Genetic Diversity of Armenian Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Germplasm: Molecular Characterization and Parentage Analysis.

Abstract (Expand)

Armenia is an important country of origin of cultivated Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera and wild Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and has played a key role in the long history of grape cultivation in … the Southern Caucasus. The existence of immense grapevine biodiversity in a small territory is strongly linked with unique relief and diverse climate conditions assembled with millennium-lasting cultural and historical context. In the present in-depth study using 25 nSSR markers, 492 samples collected in old vineyards, home gardens, and private collections were genotyped. For verification of cultivar identity, the symbiotic approach combining genotypic and phenotypic characterization for each genotype was carried out. The study provided 221 unique varieties, including 5 mutants, from which 66 were widely grown, neglected or minor autochthonous grapevine varieties, 49 turned out to be new bred cultivars created within the national breeding programs mainly during Soviet Era and 34 were non-Armenian varieties with different countries of origin. No references and corresponding genetic profiles existed for 67 genotypes. Parentage analysis was performed inferring 62 trios with 53 out of them having not been previously reported and 185 half-kinships. Instability of grapevine cultivars was detected, showing allelic variants, with three and in rare cases four alleles at one loci. Obtained results have great importance and revealed that Armenia conserved an extensive grape genetic diversity despite geographical isolation and low material exchange. This gene pool richness represents a huge reservoir of under-explored genetic diversity.

Authors: K. Margaryan, G. Melyan, F. Rockel, R. Topfer, E. Maul

Date Published: 6th Dec 2021

Publication Type: Journal

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